The
following research should provide you with a solid
understanding of the concept and priorities with
ultra violet water treatment.
Ultra violet water treatment sterilizes the bacteria
in the water. Not actually killing the existing
individual bacteria cells but preventing them from
multiplying.
Most manufacturers do not clarify specifically,
but UVA lamps are the most widely used.
In
regards to the question of "power wattage per
cm", most specifications are relative to the
dwell or contact time of the light to the water.
Instead
of an ultraviolet lamp physically resting in a water
tank, these applicators place the UV lamp in a tube
which the water is then pumped / circulated through.
The UV sterilizer lamp is usually located after
the water source, RO, or softening system and treats
through recirculation.
Cooler water temperature (60-63f) minimizes bacteria
growth. Many new pressrooms have water chilling
equipment or utilize existing building chill towers
to keep their water cold.
It is recommended that the UV sterilizer be installed
as the final step of treatment and located as close
as possible but just prior to the fountain solution
mixer.
Most of the water is treated prior to the mixing
of fountain solution concentrate.
Once the water is clean at the source, it can be
proportioned with the fountain solution concentrate.
Biocide additives within the fountain solution concentrate
minimize the growth of bacteria in the press dampening
supply lines.
This being said, ultra violet is not the perfect
treatment for all applications. Minimum water characteristics
must be met prior to the successful operation of
the ultra violet appliance.
It
really depends on the source and condition of the
water. Once the quality of the water source has
been determined, you will need to look at things
that will inhibit the UV from functioning properly
such as excessive iron and manganese, dissolved
solids, suspended solids, and turbidity of the water.
Iron
and Manganese will cause staining
on the quartz sleeve and prevent UV energy from
transmitting into the water levels as low as 0.03
ppm of iron and 0.05 ppm of manganese. Proper pre-treatment
is required to eliminates this staining problem.
Total iron count less than 0.3 ppm and Manganese
less than 0.05 ppm.
Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS) should not exceed approximately 500ppm. There
are many factors that make up this equation, such
as the particular make up of the dissolved solids
and how fast they absorb the available UV energy.
Calcium and magnesium, in high amounts, has a tendency
to build up on the quartz sleeve, again impeding
the UV energy from penetrating the water.
Turbidity:
is the inability of light to travel through water.
Turbidity makes water cloudy and aesthetically unpleasant.
In the case of UV, light levels over 1NTU can shield
micro-organisms from UV energy, making the process
ineffective.
Suspended Solids:
less than 10 ppm and need to be reduced to a maximum
of 5 microns in size. Larger solids have the potential
of harboring or encompassing the micro organisms
and preventing the necessary UV exposure. Pre-filtering
is a must on all UV applications to effectively
destroy micro organisms to a 99.9% kill rate. Hydrogen
sulfide less than 0.05 ppm
Hardness level:
not to exceed 7 grains per gallon.
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